Osteoporosis: Your bones in flux

Bones appear stable and unchanging, yet behind the scenes, remodelling processes are constantly taking place. The body breaks down old bone tissue and replaces it with new. This interplay ensures that your bones remain strong and can withstand the demands of everyday life.

If this balance is disrupted, bone density gradually decreases. The fine internal structure becomes more porous, stability declines and resilience decreases. When bone loss progresses, the condition is referred to as osteoporosis.

Typical consequences of bone loss include:

Osteoporosis affects women significantly more often than men. Around one in three women develops reduced bone density or osteoporosis during her lifetime. The risk increases significantly, particularly after the menopause (source: Deutsche Menopause Gesellschaft e. V.).

The menopause: changes that affect more than you might think

The menopause (climacteric) usually begins between the ages of 45 and 55. During this phase, ovarian function gradually declines. Ovulation becomes less frequent and hormone production changes significantly. In particular, oestrogen levels fall, whilst other hormonal processes also settle into a new balance. Periods initially become irregular and eventually cease altogether (menopause). Pregnancy is then no longer possible.

Oestrogen plays a central role in the body. It influences not only the menstrual cycle, but also metabolism, the condition of the mucous membranes and bone metabolism. When oestrogen levels fall, the body reacts on several levels.

This is particularly evident in the bones. Oestrogen normally inhibits bone loss. When this protection is lost, the balance shifts: the body breaks down more bone substance than it rebuilds. Bone density decreases more rapidly than before.

Consequently, the risk of osteoporosis increases significantly during the menopause.

Menopause: What you can do to prevent osteoporosis

As oestrogen levels drop, the demands on your body also change. Now, more than ever, it is important to actively support bone metabolism and slow down bone loss as much as possible.

Basic measures for strong bones:

It is also advisable to seek medical advice. A bone density scan can identify at an early stage whether action is needed and what measures are appropriate in each individual case.

The menopause and osteoporosis: measuring bone density, identifying risk

The hormonal changes associated with the menopause increase the risk of accelerated bone loss. A bone density scan helps to identify changes at an early stage and better assess your personal risk.

It is often advisable to have an initial measurement taken at the start of the menopause or shortly afterwards.

In addition to a bone density scan, a laboratory analysis may also be useful. Certain blood test results provide an indication of how active bone metabolism is and whether there are any potential deficiencies. These include, amongst others, vitamin D, calcium and specific markers of bone formation and resorption. It may also be worth checking your hormone levels.

The combination of bone density measurement and laboratory analysis allows for a comprehensive assessment of your bone health and forms the basis for a personalised prevention or treatment plan.

Treating osteoporosis in Frankfurt: Treatment options with Dr Tabrizi

The treatment of osteoporosis at our practice in Frankfurt has a clear objective: to slow down bone loss, improve stability and reduce the risk of fractures. The appropriate measures depend on the severity of the condition and your individual risk.

If osteoporosis is already present, certain medications can help. These include, amongst others:

• Bisphosphonates (inhibit bone resorption)
• Denosumab (affects bone metabolism)
• Selective oestrogen receptor modulators (act similarly to oestrogen on the bones)
• Parathyroid hormone analogues (promote bone formation)

Early and consistent treatment plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health and safeguarding your quality of life in the long term.

Please feel free to contact us to arrange an appointment for an osteoporosis screening!

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What are Kinesio tapes?

These are elastic, self-adhesive cotton tapes that we apply directly to your skin. Their structure is similar to human skin in terms of elasticity and resilience. This allows the tapes to adapt to the body’s natural movements without restricting them.

In orthopaedics and sports medicine, Kinesio tapes are used to provide functional support for muscles, tendons and joints. Kinesio tapes perform different tasks depending on how they are applied, the direction of pull and their position. They do not replace medical treatment, but complement it as part of a holistic therapy concept.

What do the colours of Kinesio tapes mean?

Blue, red, beige, black – the tapes are available in different colours. However, the choice of colour has no bearing on the medical effect. The material, elasticity and adhesive properties remain the same regardless of the colour, as does the functional effect on muscles and joints.

Although some concepts associate certain colours with warming or cooling properties, there is no reliable scientific evidence to support this.

Instead, practical aspects are at the forefront when choosing colours, such as your personal preferences, e.g. how noticeable you want them to be in everyday life or during sport.

Kinesio taping: How do the colourful tapes work with the body?

The tapes do not work by immobilising or applying pressure, but rather by interacting with the skin and movement. Their elasticity allows them to fully accommodate natural movements. This is precisely what distinguishes the method from traditional rigid bandages.

Kinesio tapes provide support through several modes of action that occur simultaneously in the body:

Elastic adaptation to movement

Kinesio tapes stretch and adapt to the natural movements of the skin, muscles and joints. They accompany active movements without restricting them. At the same time, they support the perception of movement and posture by transmitting additional sensory stimuli via the skin.

Stimulus transmission via the skin

With every movement, the tape pulls back slightly, exerting a changing tension on the skin. These mechanical stimuli hit sensory cells in the skin that register movements and changes in tension. This information is transmitted to the nervous system via nerve pathways and helps to make movements more consciously perceived.

Improved perception of posture and movement

The additional sensory stimuli via the skin enable the body to perceive joint positions and muscle tension more attentively. This allows poor posture or unfavourable movements to be recognised earlier and corrected more consciously. Movement sequences can be performed in a more controlled and coordinated manner.

The effect of Kinesio tape depends on how and where it is applied. The direction, tension and position influence how the body reacts to the tape. Different application techniques either support stability, reduce strain or promote muscle activity.

How can Kinesio taping be used in practice?

The application depends on the affected area of the body and the specific symptoms. These include:

Studies confirm the effectiveness of Kinesio Taping

Research shows that Kinesio Taping can effectively complement treatment for certain musculoskeletal conditions. Here is a selection of scientific studies:

Kinesio taping in Frankfurt: An integral part of various treatments at our practice

As you can see, the use of Kinesio tape has become established as a complementary measure in orthopaedics and sports medicine. Studies show positive effects for selected symptoms, especially in combination with active therapy approaches.

Kinesio taping has long been an integral part of our treatments at our private practice for orthopaedics and traumatology in Frankfurt. We are convinced of its effectiveness for selected indications and have had many excellent experiences with it. It is always applied on the basis of careful orthopaedic diagnostics and our practical experience.

Are you interested in this complementary form of treatment? Then please contact us to make an appointment!

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Joint pain is not always synonymous with joint wear: common causes of joint problems

Many patients automatically associate joint pain with osteoarthritis. However, joint degeneration is not always to blame for the symptoms. A clear distinction helps to classify symptoms realistically and avoid misconceptions.

The most common conditions that can cause joint pain include:

• Degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis
• Inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis
• Metabolic diseases such as gout
• Autoimmune-associated joint diseases such as psoriatic arthritis
• Bone diseases such as osteoporosis
• Inflammation of structures near the joints, such as bursitis
• Overuse-related irritation of joints and tendons
• Ligament and capsule injuries resulting in joint instability
• Malalignments and axial deviations that alter joint load

These conditions can cause joint pain

Diagnosis and treatment of joint pain with Dr. Tabrizi in Frankfurt

Joint pain can have many different causes. In order to help you, a careful diagnosis is required. With various examinations in our private practice for orthopaedics and traumatology in Frankfurt, we can find out the cause of your joint pain and develop a treatment plan that suits your personal situation.

We are here for you! Simply contact us to make an appointment! You can also do this via Doctolib, our online appointment booking tool.

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Scoliosis and rib hump: When the spine twists – and the rib cage follows

Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine that is accompanied by a twisting of the vertebrae. This causes the spine to lose its natural shape and form an S- or C-shaped curvature. This misalignment can be congenital, develop during growth or increase in adulthood.

The so-called rib hump develops because the ribs also shift as a result of the twisting of the vertebrae. On one side of the back, the rib cage bulges outwards, while the other side appears flatter. The severity can vary greatly – from barely visible to clearly noticeable – and is closely related to the degree of spinal curvature.

Not all rib humps look the same: there are different degrees of severity

The visibility of the rib hump can vary greatly. Its appearance depends primarily on the severity of the spinal curvature and which areas are affected. Orthopaedic surgeons generally distinguish between the following degrees of severity:

The location of the spinal curvature also influences where and how the deformity manifests itself. If the scoliosis is in the thoracic spine, the ribs rotate with the vertebrae. This creates the typical bulge on the upper back or side of the chest, known as a rib hump.

If, on the other hand, the curvature is in the lumbar spine, the ribs are not directly involved. Instead, the muscles in the lower back shift, forming a lumbar bulge – a muscular protrusion that can also be visible when bending forward.

Modern treatment methods for scoliosis-related rib humps

The treatment of a rib hump depends on the extent and location of the scoliosis. The age and general physical condition of the affected person are also important factors in determining a treatment plan. The aim is to stabilise the spine, reduce the curvature and alleviate symptoms. Various approaches are available for this purpose:

Improving rib humps and alleviating discomfort: complementary treatments at our practice in Frankfurt

In addition to traditional scoliosis therapy, our private practice for orthopaedics and traumatology in Frankfurt offers additional options for correcting poor posture, alleviating pain and improving spinal mobility. These complementary measures support the treatment of rib humps, as they can relax the muscles, promote body awareness and encourage the natural straightening of the back. These include:

Diagnosis and treatment of scoliosis and rib humps in Frankfurt

The treatment of scoliosis requires experience, sensitivity and an individually tailored therapy concept. With us, you benefit from a holistic approach that takes equal account of the spine, the muscles and the overall balance of the body.

We are here for you! Simply contact us to arrange an appointment!

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Impaired balance: what happens to the back in scoliosis

In scoliosis, the spine loses its natural alignment. Viewed from behind, the back is no longer straight but curves to one side. At the same time, the vertebrae rotate around their own axis.

This change can affect the balance of the entire back, as it can also cause the ribs, muscles and ligaments to shift. On one side, the ribs and shoulder blade protrude more, while the other side appears sunken.

The three-dimensional deformation changes the load lines in the back: some sections bear more weight, while others lose stability. This can restrict mobility or create a feeling of imbalance – even if no pain is yet present. Scoliosis therefore affects not only the external shape, but also the complex interaction of the structures that keep the back upright and mobile.

What are the symptoms of scoliosis?

The symptoms associated with spinal degeneration can vary greatly depending on the severity, the affected region of the spine and the age of the person affected. Some changes are hardly noticeable at first, while others are clearly visible in the body image or movement behaviour.

Typical external signs of scoliosis are:

• uneven shoulder height or a protruding shoulder blade
• a crooked iliac crest or an apparently ‘shortened leg’
• asymmetry of the chest, particularly noticeable when bending forward
• a shifted centre of gravity, so that the upper body is not directly above the pelvis

In addition to the visible changes, physical complaints may also develop:

• muscle tension in the back or neck
• unilateral pain caused by incorrect weight distribution
• a feeling of restricted mobility or instability
• faster fatigue when standing or sitting for long periods

In severe cases, scoliosis can deform the chest and thus affect breathing or cardiovascular function.

What causes scoliosis?

There are many causes of spinal curvature, and they depend largely on whether the deformity is congenital or acquired during the course of a person’s life. Here is an overview of possible contributing factors:

What types of scoliosis are there?

The curvature can occur in different sections of the spine and vary significantly in severity. The decisive factors are where the spine deviates laterally and how severely it twists.

Types of scoliosis: left-sided or right-sided curvature

In addition to being classified according to the affected sections of the spine, types of scoliosis also differ in the direction of the curvature – i.e. which side the apex of the deformity leans towards.

• Scoliosis with curvature to the right (right convex)
  In this variant, the vertebrae rotate to the right. This causes the ribs on the right side to curve backwards and outwards, creating the typical rib hump. At the same time, the left half of the chest rotates inwards, which can restrict breathing on this side.
• Left-curved (convex left) scoliosis:
  Here, the opposite occurs: the vertebrae rotate to the left and the left half of the ribs curves backwards. The right side also turns inwards. This makes the right half of the chest appear flatter and can restrict breathing on the right side.

The direction of the curvature is crucial for therapy because it determines which side of the body needs to be stretched and which needs to be strengthened. In right-convex scoliosis, the shortening and muscular tension is on the right (convex) side, while the left (concave) side is weakened. Treatment therefore aims to stretch and relax the right torso muscles, while actively strengthening and stabilising the left side. In left-convex scoliosis, the situation is mirrored.

Precise analysis using imaging techniques and posture diagnostics helps to accurately identify these individual differences. This allows the treatment options to be adapted to the respective direction of curvature.

Severity levels of scoliosis: an overview of different forms

Spinal curvature is classified into different severity levels depending on how severely the spine is curved and twisted to the side. The decisive factor for this classification is the so-called Cobb angle, which is measured on an X-ray. It describes the angle between the most severely inclined vertebrae of a curvature and serves as a measure of the severity of the deformity. An overview of the degrees of severity:

The earlier scoliosis is detected, the better its progression can be influenced. Regular check-ups are crucial, especially in childhood and adolescence when the spine is still growing, in order to take timely countermeasures and avoid further complications as far as possible.

Treatment of various forms of scoliosis by Dr. Tabrizi in Frankfurt

Scoliosis can only be reliably assessed with careful diagnosis and extensive experience. At our private practice for orthopaedics and traumatology in Frankfurt, we are the right people to contact. We analyse your posture and mobility and measure the angle of curvature, e.g. using imaging techniques and physical examination. This enables us to accurately assess the extent of the misalignment.

The subsequent treatment is tailored to the individual cause and severity. It may include physiotherapy, posture training, muscle building, corset therapy or, in severe cases, surgery. This results in a treatment plan that stabilises the spine and provides lasting relief from symptoms.

We take the time to listen and work with you to find the best way to restore balance to your spine.

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What is osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a disease of the skeleton in which bone density decreases and the microarchitecture of the bone is damaged. As a result, the bones lose stability and become porous. They break more easily, even under everyday stress or minor falls.

Bones normally undergo constant remodeling: old bone substance is broken down and new bone substance is built up. In osteoporosis, bone breakdown predominates, while bone formation can no longer keep pace. The result is an increasing weakening of the entire skeletal system.

Osteoporosis in men: Bone loss can affect more than just women

Osteoporosis is often perceived as a typical women’s disease—and not without reason: Women’s risk increases significantly after menopause, as declining estrogen levels accelerate bone loss. The majority of diagnosed cases therefore do indeed affect women.

However, this one-sided view can easily lead to the disease being underestimated or even overlooked in men. In fact, about one in five osteoporosis patients is male (source: Nature Portfolio). The risk also increases significantly with age in men.

Unlike in women, the disease often progresses more slowly in men and is often only detected at a later stage. Therefore, men should also keep an eye on their bone health!

Osteoporosis in men: risk factors

Various circumstances can contribute to the development of bone loss in men. Risk factors for osteoporosis in men include:

Osteoporosis in men: Watch out for these warning signs

The onset of bone loss often goes unnoticed. This makes it all the more important to recognize typical signs early on. The following signs may indicate impaired bone health in men:

• Sudden or chronic back pain with no apparent cause
• Decrease in height (more than 3 cm)
• Postural problems, e.g., hunched back or sunken chest
• Bone fractures from minor causes (e.g., lifting or tripping)
• Decreased muscle strength and physical weakness
• Increased falls or unsteady gait
• Loss of quality of life due to mobility restrictions
• Persistent exhaustion or general feeling of weakness

If one or more of these warning signs occur, a medical examination should be carried out – ideally including bone density measurement in our private practice for orthopedics & traumatology in Frankfurt. If detected early, the progression of the disease can usually be slowed down significantly.

Osteoporosis in men: DXA measurement as the gold standard for diagnosis

DXA measurement (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) is an internationally recognized standard procedure for determining bone density. It is painless, takes only a few minutes, and causes only very low radiation exposure. For patients, the examination is comparable to a simple X-ray—but much more accurate when it comes to assessing bone stability.

Measurements are usually taken at the lumbar spine and thigh bones (more precisely: the femoral necks), as these regions are particularly frequently affected by osteoporosis-related changes. Up to the age of 70, the focus of the measurement is usually on the lumbar spine and the left femoral neck. From the age of 70, the right femoral neck is usually also measured in order to be able to assess age-related developments more accurately.

The result is reported as a T-score. This value shows how much your bone density deviates from that of a healthy young adult:

• A T-score between −1 and −2.5 indicates osteopenia (a precursor to osteoporosis).
• According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a T-score of −2.5 or lower is considered an indication of manifest osteoporosis.

In addition, a Z-score is often calculated, which evaluates bone density in comparison to people of the same age. This is particularly helpful in men under the age of 50 or in cases of unusual disease progression.

DXA measurement is not only suitable for initial diagnosis, but also for monitoring progress during ongoing therapy. It provides an objective basis for assessing the success of treatment and evaluating the individual risk of future bone fractures.

Osteoporosis in men: How treatment works

Osteoporosis cannot be cured, but it can be well controlled. Treatment depends on both the cause and the individual risk of fracture. With the right combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and regular checkups, the course of the disease can be positively influenced.

So, what can men do?

Basic measures
First, there are some general recommendations:

• A diet rich in calcium (1,000–1,200 mg/day)
• Vitamin D intake (800–1,000 IU/day, usually via supplements)
• Regular exercise, especially strength and balance training
• Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption

Drug therapy
Medication is used in cases of increased fracture risk:

• Bisphosphonates: standard treatment for inhibiting bone loss
• Denosumab: alternative in cases of intolerance
• Testosterone: in cases of proven hormone deficiency
• Thiazides: in cases of increased calcium excretion in the urine (hypercalciuria)

Further measures
Important additions: fall prevention, regular bone density measurements, and monitoring of possible comorbidities.

Diagnosing and treating osteoporosis in men in Frankfurt

Bone loss in men is still often underestimated. Anyone who recognizes the first warning signs or belongs to a risk group should not hesitate to seek medical advice.

Our practice in Frankfurt is the ideal place to go. With modern diagnostics, many years of experience in the field of osteoporosis treatment, and a holistic view of possible causes, we are your experienced point of contact.

Whether for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy planning: we focus on your bone health and individually tailored care. Simply contact us to make an appointment!

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What is the quadriceps tendon?

This is a strong tendon at the front of the thigh. It connects the large thigh muscle (musculus quadriceps femoris) to the kneecap (patella).

The main function of this tendon is to transfer force from the thigh to the knee joint. This enables movements such as straightening the leg, walking, climbing stairs, or standing up from a seated position. The quadriceps tendon therefore plays a central role in the stability and function of the knee joint in everyday life and during sports.

What is a quadriceps tendon rupture?

A quadriceps tendon rupture is an injury to the tendon that connects the front thigh muscle to the kneecap. As a result, the transfer of force from the thigh to the knee joint can no longer take place properly. This makes it difficult or impossible to straighten the leg.

A quadriceps tendon rupture can occur in two forms: as a partial tear (partial rupture) or as a complete tear (complete rupture). Both variants differ significantly in severity, symptoms, and treatment requirements.

• Partial tear (partial rupture)
  In a partial tear, only parts of the tendon are damaged, with some of the tendon fibers remaining intact. In many cases, active extension of the leg is still possible, albeit painful and with reduced strength. The symptoms (see below) are often less pronounced, which can lead to the injury being underestimated at first.
• Complete tear (complete rupture)
  A complete tear means that the tendon is completely separated from the kneecap – often with an audible tearing sound and immediate loss of strength. This means that you can no longer actively extend your leg. This type of injury is much more serious and is an orthopedic emergency.

What are the symptoms of a quadriceps tendon rupture?

Typical symptoms include:

What causes a quadriceps tendon rupture?

Partial or complete rupture is usually caused by sudden, severe strain on the tendon – often in combination with certain risk factors or previous damage. The most common triggers include:

A quadriceps tendon rupture rarely occurs “just like that.” It is often caused by a combination of stressful movement and weakened tendon structure. This makes a thorough medical examination that also takes possible risk factors into account all the more important—especially if the rupture is not sports-related.

How is a quadriceps tendon rupture diagnosed?

If you suspect a tendon rupture, our private practice for orthopedics and traumatology in Frankfurt is happy to be your first point of contact. The diagnosis is made in several steps and aims to reliably identify the injury and determine its extent.

Both clinical examinations and imaging techniques are used:

• Medical history
  The diagnostic process begins with a detailed consultation with a physician. We take the time to record the exact circumstances of the accident, the type of pain, existing movement restrictions, and any pre-existing conditions. Individual risk factors such as previous knee surgery or chronic conditions are also taken into account in the assessment. This careful evaluation forms the basis for further clinical examination and any necessary imaging procedures.
• Physical examination
  The medical history interview is followed by a physical examination, during which we look specifically for signs of a quadriceps tendon rupture. A key feature is the active knee extension test. If you are unable to straighten your leg against resistance or under your own power, a complete tear is likely. In addition, we carefully palpate the area above the kneecap. A noticeable dent can be a clear sign of a severed or torn tendon. Swelling, bruising, and visible differences in muscle tone between both thighs are also included in the clinical assessment and help to evaluate the severity of the injury.
• Imaging techniques
  For further clarification, we rely on modern imaging techniques, which usually provide quick and reliable information about the extent of the injury. Ultrasound allows us to assess the continuity of the tendon. This is particularly useful in the case of fresh tears, as it allows us to determine whether the tendon is still intact or has been severed. In addition, an X-ray examination is often used to rule out bone injuries, for example, if a small fragment of the tendon has been torn off along with a piece of bone. In most cases, these two procedures are sufficient to make a clear diagnosis. However, if the findings remain unclear but the symptoms are obvious, we will arrange for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for further clarification. This provides a particularly detailed image and also shows possible muscle damage or accompanying injuries in the knee joint.

The combination of clinical findings and modern imaging enables a reliable diagnosis. Depending on the findings, the appropriate therapy—conservative or surgical—is then initiated.

What is the treatment for a quadriceps tendon rupture?

The treatment of a tendon rupture depends primarily on the extent of the injury, your general state of health, and your activity level. A basic distinction is made between conservative and surgical treatment:

• Conservative treatment
  A conservative treatment approach is only considered in exceptional cases—for example, in cases of partial tears with preserved extension function or in older patients with severely limited health. Treatment then involves immobilizing the leg in a straight position (usually with an orthosis), accompanied by targeted physical therapy. The aim is to stimulate the tendon to heal itself while preventing muscle loss.
• Surgical therapy
  In the case of a complete tear, surgery is almost always necessary. The aim is to reconnect the torn tendon firmly to the kneecap. This is usually done using a suture or special anchoring techniques (e.g., bone anchors or transosseous sutures). The procedure is performed as soon as possible after the injury, as fresh tears heal better and cause fewer complications. After the operation, the leg is initially immobilized with an orthosis. You may only put limited weight on it for the next few weeks.
• Rehabilitation
  Rehabilitation usually begins with passive movement exercises and is gradually supplemented by active muscle training. Depending on the severity of the injury and the course of therapy, it usually takes several months before full weight-bearing and a return to sporting activities are possible.

Treating quadriceps tendon tears in Frankfurt

A quadriceps tendon rupture can occur to varying degrees – as a partial or complete tear. While a partial tear can be treated conservatively under certain conditions and healed with targeted physical therapy, a complete tear is an orthopedic emergency. In this case, the knee is unstable, active extension is difficult or impossible, and surgical treatment is usually unavoidable.

It is crucial to accurately diagnose the type of injury at an early stage through clinical examination and imaging techniques. At our orthopedic practice in Frankfurt, you will receive a thorough diagnosis, individual consultation, and professional treatment – from the initial suspicion to complete recovery.

Feel free to make an appointment!

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What is trigger finger?

Known in medical terminology as tendovaginitis stenosans, trigger finger is a functional disorder of the hand that impairs the smooth movement of one or more fingers. The condition occurs when the flexor tendons of a finger can no longer slide freely through their gliding channel, which is stabilized by so-called annular ligaments.

How a trigger finger develops

Imagine the tendons as cords that slide through tight-fitting tubes (the tendon sheaths). These tubes are in turn fixed to the bone by ring ligaments to keep the tendons close to the finger. The following happens with the trigger finger:

• Thickening of the tendon
  Overloading, irritation or inflammatory processes can cause the flexor tendon to thicken at a certain point. Sometimes a small nodule also forms there.
• Narrowing of the annular ligament/tendon sheath
  At the same time or in addition, the annular ligament, under which the tendon has to glide, can become inflammatory narrowed or thickened. The A1 annular ligament at the base joint of the finger is most frequently affected.

This combination of thickened tendon and/or narrowed canal prevents the tendon from gliding smoothly through the canal. When attempting to flex or extend the finger, the thickened tendon or the nodule gets caught on the annular ligament. If sufficient force is applied, the tendon “snaps” through the constriction, causing the characteristic sound and sensation.

Underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus, gout or rheumatism can also promote the development of the condition.

Typical symptoms of a trigger finger

The symptoms often develop gradually and can vary:

• Snapping/jerking
  The most noticeable indication is the typical “snapping”, “jumping” or “clicking” of the affected finger when bending or stretching.
• Pain
  In addition, there is often pain in the area of the metacarpophalangeal joint (on the palm of the hand), which can become worse when moving.
• Morning stiffness
  Many sufferers notice stiffness in the finger, especially in the morning.
• Blockage
  In advanced stages, the finger can “jam” in a bent position. This means that you can no longer stretch it independently. To release the finger from the blockage, you often have to help with the other hand.
• Palpable thickening
  Sometimes a small, painful thickening can be felt on the palm of the hand above the affected metacarpophalangeal joint.

A trigger finger can affect any finger. However, the thumb, middle finger and ring finger are most commonly affected. Statistically, women are affected more frequently than men and the condition is more common in middle age.

Different stages of a snap finger

Stage 1: Pain and tenderness

• In this initial stage, you primarily feel pain and tenderness in the palm of the hand, directly above the A1 annular ligament at the base joint of the finger.
• There is no snapping or sticking of the finger yet. Mobility is usually almost unrestricted.

Stage 2: Snapping symptoms

• Now there is the characteristic snapping or jerking of the finger when bending or stretching.
• The finger can still be fully extended using its own strength (active), even if this may be associated with noticeable resistance.

Stage 3: Blockage, passively correctable

• In this stage, the finger is locked in a bent position and can no longer be stretched under its own power.
• However, you can bring the finger back into position with the help of the other hand (passively), although this is often associated with pain.

Stage 4: Fixed blockage

• This is the most advanced stage. The finger is fixed in a bent position and cannot be fully extended either actively or passively (i.e. not even with the help of the other hand). A permanent flexed position has developed.

Snap finger treatment: How we can help you

Determining the exact stage is crucial for treatment planning. In the early stages (1 and 2), conservative treatment approaches are often successful. The further the disease progresses and the higher the stage, the more likely it is that surgery will be necessary to permanently correct the problem.

Conservative snap finger treatment in our practice in Frankfurt

Conservative therapy aims to alleviate symptoms without surgery. The aim is to reduce inflammation and promote the smooth gliding of the tendon. It is particularly suitable for early stages. Important measures include

• Rest and activity adjustment
  Avoid movements that cause pain and adjust gripping patterns.
• Splint treatment
  A splint (for the night) immobilizes the finger and relieves the tendon.
• Drug therapy
  NSAID painkillers relieve inflammation and pain.
• Cortisone injections
  A direct injection into the tendon sheath is very effective in reducing swelling. A single injection is often sufficient for long-lasting improvement.
• Physiotherapy/hand therapy
  Targeted exercises and manual techniques improve mobility and tendon gliding ability.
• Treatment of underlying diseases
  In addition, good control of diseases such as diabetes is important for the success of the therapy.

Surgical snap finger treatment in Frankfurt

If conservative measures are not sufficient or the condition is already advanced, surgery is advisable. The aim of the procedure is to remove the bottleneck that is causing the finger to snap or lock.

• The procedure: Ring ligament splitting
  Snap finger surgery is usually performed on an outpatient basis in our private practice for orthopaedics and traumatology in Frankfurt. You will be given a local anesthetic. This means that only your hand or the affected finger will be anaesthetized. You will remain awake during the entire procedure. We will make a small incision about 1 to 2 centimetres long on the palm of your hand, directly above the affected metacarpophalangeal joint. Under direct vision, we carefully split the thickened A1 annular ligament lengthwise. In this way, we widen the gliding channel for the flexor tendon. The tendon can then glide unhindered and pain-free through the exposed channel again. We then suture the skin wound with a few stitches.
• After the operation
  You can usually move your finger freely again immediately after the operation. A bandage protects the wound. Swelling and slight pain are normal and can be easily controlled with painkillers. We remove the stitches after 10 to 14 days. Until then, you should keep the wound clean and dry. It is important to move the finger early and regularly to avoid adhesions. Targeted fist-closing and stretching exercises promote full mobility.

Your path to recovery: diagnostics and treatment in Frankfurt

Regardless of whether you notice the first signs of a trigger finger or are already suffering from more severe symptoms: A precise diagnosis and treatment tailored to your situation are crucial for your hand health.

With many years of experience and in-depth expertise in the field of hand surgery, we offer you comprehensive advice and all common conservative and surgical treatment options for snap finger.

Simply contact us to arrange an appointment!

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About the healthy spine

The spine is the central supporting element of the human skeleton and connects the head to the pelvis. It consists of 24 movable vertebrae (cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae), the sacrum and the coccyx. There are intervertebral discs between the vertebrae, which act as a buffer and provide mobility and shock absorption. Together with ligaments, muscles and nerves, the spine fulfills several important functions: It supports the body, protects the spinal cord and enables a variety of movements.

A healthy spine has a double S-shape when viewed from the side. This natural curve consists of a gentle cervical lordosis (curved forwards), a slight thoracic kyphosis (curved backwards) and a gentle lumbar lordosis (curved forwards again). This shape ensures an even distribution of loads and gives the spine stability and elasticity. Viewed from the front, the spine should be straight.

Spinal deformity: what is it?

The term spinal deformity refers to a permanent misalignment or curvature of the spine in which the natural shape deviates significantly from the norm. Such deformities can be congenital or develop over the course of a lifetime – e.g. due to growth disorders, illnesses, accidents or degenerative processes such as wear and tear.

Such changes in shape can not only affect the external appearance, but can also cause pain, restrict mobility and, in advanced stages, affect organs.

Spinal deformity: these forms exist

Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a permanent lateral curvature of the spine, in which there is also usually a twisting (rotation) of the vertebral bodies around their own axis. Instead of a straight line, the spine in scoliosis – especially when viewed from behind – shows a more pronounced S- or C-shaped deviation.

This deformity can have different causes: In most cases, it is idiopathic, meaning that the exact trigger is unknown. It often occurs in childhood or adolescence during growth. Other possible causes are congenital malformations of the vertebrae (congenital scoliosis), neuromuscular diseases (e.g. muscular dystrophy) or degenerative changes in old age.

Mild scoliosis often causes no symptoms. However, more severe curvatures can cause back pain, muscle tension, restricted mobility or, in advanced stages, even impairments of the internal organs (e.g. lungs or heart). Treatment depends on the degree of severity and ranges from regular observation and physiotherapy to brace treatment or surgical correction.

Hyperkyphosis

There is a natural gentle curve in the thoracic spine. In some cases, however, this natural curve is excessively pronounced. This is known as hyperkyphosis – popularly known as a “hunchback” or “widow’s hump”.

Excessive kyphosis can have various causes: In young people, Scheuermann’s disease – a growth disorder of the vertebral bodies – is often responsible. In older people, hyperkyphosis often occurs as a result of vertebral fractures caused by osteoporosis. Poor posture, muscle weakness or neurological diseases can also contribute to its development.

Typical signs are a forward leaning upper body, tension in the shoulder/neck area and back pain. In severe cases, the body statics can be significantly disturbed, which can affect breathing and organ function.

Treatment depends on the cause and extent of the curvature. It ranges from physiotherapeutic exercises to improve posture to brace treatment or surgery in cases of very advanced hyperkyphosis.

Hyperlordosis

This is an excessive curvature of the spine in the area of the lumbar spine. This so-called “hollow back” posture deviates significantly from the natural S-shape of the spine and can lead to incorrect strain on the back.

Hyperlordosis is often caused by muscular imbalances – for example, if the abdominal muscles are weakened and the hip flexor muscles are shortened. Obesity, pregnancy, prolonged sitting, incorrect posture or underlying orthopaedic conditions can also contribute to its development. In some cases, hyperlordosis occurs as compensation for other deformities, e.g. pronounced kyphosis.

Typical symptoms are tension in the lower back, pain when standing or walking for long periods and a conspicuous posture with the pelvis tilted forward. Treatment usually involves targeted physiotherapy, postural exercises and muscular training – in severe cases, surgery may also be necessary.

Flat back

A flat back is a postural abnormality in which the natural curves of the spine – particularly in the area of the lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis – are significantly flattened or even eliminated. Instead of the typical S-shape, the spine appears almost straight when viewed from the side.

This altered statics means that the spine loses its actual shock-absorbing function. As a result, it is less able to absorb shocks, which can lead to back pain, tension and increased strain on the intervertebral discs. The mobility of the back is also often restricted.

A flat back can be congenital or acquired – for example due to poor posture, muscular imbalances, spinal surgery or diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis. People who sit for long periods, move little or permanently adopt a cramped, upright posture are particularly affected.

Treatment usually involves physiotherapy exercises that promote the natural curvature of the spine and strengthen the back muscles in a targeted manner. In severe cases, surgical treatment may also be necessary.

Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis is a disease of the spine in which a vertebral body slips forwards or – more rarely – backwards in relation to the vertebral body below it. This displacement can impair the stability of the spine and constrict nerve structures. A distinction is made between different forms depending on the cause:

• Isthmic spondylolisthesis
  This is often caused by a defect or fracture in the so-called pars interarticularis, usually in the area of the lumbar spine. Athletically active young people are frequently affected.
• Degenerative spondylolisthesis
  In this case, older people in particular are affected. The spondylolisthesis is a result of wear and tear on the intervertebral discs and small vertebral joints.
• Congenital spondylolisthesis
  This is due to a malformation of the vertebral arches.
• Traumatic or pathological forms
  Spondylolisthesis is caused by injuries, tumors or other underlying diseases.

Typical symptoms are deep-seated back pain, which worsens with movement, as well as occasional pain radiating to the buttocks or legs if nerves are affected. In advanced cases, numbness or muscle weakness may occur.

Treatment depends on the degree of severity: in many cases, physiotherapy, back training and pain therapy can help. In cases of severe spondylolisthesis or neurological deficits, surgical stabilization may be necessary.

Combined deformities

It is also possible for several spinal deformities to occur simultaneously, which reinforce or compensate for each other. A typical example is the combination of scoliosis and hyperkyphosis or hyperlordosis. In such cases, the spine is not only curved sideways, but also shows an excessive forward or backward curvature – often with an additional twisting of the vertebral bodies.

These complex changes can severely impair posture and often lead to muscular imbalances, back pain, restricted mobility and, in severe cases, impaired breathing or other internal organs. The cause of combined deformities can be congenital, due to growth disorders or caused by wear and tear, osteoporosis, surgery or neurological diseases over the course of a lifetime.

As every combined deformity is unique, precise diagnostic clarification is crucial – usually using imaging techniques such as X-ray or MRI. Therapy often requires an interdisciplinary approach which, depending on the extent, consists of physiotherapy, orthopaedic treatment with a brace or, in severe cases, surgical intervention for correction and stabilization. The aim is to alleviate discomfort, improve function and prevent the deformity from progressing.

Treating spinal deformity: Advanced therapies with Dr. Tabrizi in Frankfurt

Spinal deformities such as scoliosis, hyperkyphosis, hyperlordosis or spondylolisthesis can cause considerable discomfort in everyday life. In addition to back pain and tension, many sufferers experience restricted movement, postural problems or neurological symptoms such as tingling or numbness.

At our private practice for orthopaedics and traumatology in Frankfurt, we specialize in holistic spinal therapies, among other things. In addition to traditional orthopaedic care, we offer a range of complementary therapeutic approaches to specifically relieve your pain and improve the function of your spine. These include:

• Neural therapy / segment therapy
  We can relieve pain and activate your self-healing powers through targeted injections of local anaesthetics into pain-triggering areas or associated skin segments.
• Infiltrations near the spine
  We can treat inflammation in small vertebral joints or nerve roots with targeted injections. This reduces pain and improves mobility.
• CT- or MRI-guided infiltrations (PRT, epidural)
  Under imaging control, anti-inflammatory medication is injected precisely into affected nerve roots or disc changes to relieve pain.
• Chiropractic therapy
  We use special manual techniques to release blockages and improve the mobility of your spine. Chirotherapy is often very helpful, especially in the case of functional restrictions.
• Traction treatments
  Gentle longitudinal traction in combination with the application of heat can release tension and relieve the spine, which can be particularly beneficial in the case of degenerative changes.
• Infusion therapies
  If necessary, we can administer pain-relieving or muscle-relaxing medication intravenously to achieve a rapid and consistent effect.
• Kinesio taping
  Elastic tapes, which we systematically attach to your skin, support your muscles, promote blood circulation and can reduce pain.
• Acupuncture
  By inserting fine needles at specific points, we can influence pain conduction and promote muscle relaxation, which supports the treatment of chronic back pain.

Help with a spinal deformity: Dr. Tabrizi in Frankfurt

Anyone suffering from a spinal deformity not only needs a precise diagnosis, but above all individual and holistic treatment. Patients with spinal deformities are in the best hands at our orthopaedic practice in Frankfurt.

We combine many years of experience in spinal medicine with modern therapy methods and a holistic treatment approach. The aim is to alleviate pain, maintain or restore mobility and improve quality of life in the long term – without having to operate prematurely. To achieve this, we have a variety of procedures available, which we combine individually and tailor to the respective complaints.

Please contact us to arrange an appointment!

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What is osteoarthritis of the knee?

Osteoarthritis of the knee is a chronic, non-inflammatory joint disease in which the protective cartilage between the femur, tibia and kneecap gradually breaks down.

In a healthy knee, this cartilage ensures smooth movement and acts as a shock absorber. However, if it becomes thinner or rough, the bones rub directly against each other during movement – leading to pain, stiffness and limited mobility.

Osteoarthritis of the knee can develop gradually and affect different areas of the knee joint. It is one of the most common forms of osteoarthritis, especially in older people or in people who put a lot of strain on their knees through work, sport or obesity.

What symptoms are associated with osteoarthritis of the knee?

Osteoarthritis of the knee can cause a variety of symptoms that develop gradually and increase as the disease progresses. The symptoms often occur as a result of stress and can persist over time, even at rest. Typical symptoms are

• Knee pain
  Initially, the knee usually only hurts when weight is placed on it – for example when walking, climbing stairs or standing for long periods. As osteoarthritis progresses, the pain also occurs at rest or at night.
• Initial pain
  After periods of rest, e.g. in the morning or after sitting for a long time, the first attempt at movement is particularly difficult. The knee feels stiff, but the pain often subsides after a few steps.
• Restricted movement
  The mobility of the knee decreases. Bending or full extension in particular can become increasingly difficult.
• Joint stiffness
  The knee joint feels stiff, especially after rest or cold. This often occurs in the morning or during longer periods of sitting.
• Swelling and overheating
  In the event of irritation or accompanying inflammation, the knee may swell, become overheated and feel firm.
• Crunching or rubbing in the joint
  When moving, many sufferers experience an unpleasant sensation in the knee caused by the uneven cartilage surfaces. This is often accompanied by a cracking, crunching sound.
• Feeling of instability
  Some people report that their knee feels “unsteady” or “wobbly” and that they do not have a firm grip – especially when walking on uneven surfaces.
• Misalignments
  In the later stages, visible changes such as bow legs or knock-knees can occur, which also increase pain and strain.

What types of osteoarthritis of the knee are there?

The knee consists of three main joint parts (compartments). Osteoarthritis can occur in one or more of these areas:

• Medial gonarthrosis
  This form affects the inner part of the joint between the femur and tibia (medial tibial compartment). It is the most common type of gonarthrosis, as the body weight is predominantly on the inside of the knee when walking.
• Lateral gonarthrosis
  This affects the outer section of the joint (lateral tibial compartment). It occurs less frequently, but can be particularly painful and is often accompanied by a knock-knee deformity.
• Retropatellar gonarthrosis
  In this form, the wear and tear is located behind the kneecap (between the kneecap and the thigh bone). Typical symptoms occur when climbing stairs, squatting or sitting for long periods with the knee bent.
• Pangonarthrosis
  If all three joint sections are affected at the same time, this is known as pangonarthrosis. This form is usually advanced and associated with significant restriction of movement and chronic pain.

What causes osteoarthritis of the knee?

The causes of knee osteoarthritis are varied – several factors often come together.
A basic distinction is made between primary and secondary osteoarthritis of the knee:

Primary osteoarthritis of the knee

This form develops without a clearly identifiable cause. It is mainly associated with the natural ageing process. Over the years, the joint cartilage gradually wears down due to constant stress. Possible contributing factors are

• Genetic predisposition
• Age (often from the age of 50)
• Being overweight, which puts a permanent strain on the knee joints
• Lack of exercise, which impairs cartilage nutrition

Secondary osteoarthritis of the knee

In this case, there is a specific cause or previous illness that accelerates cartilage wear or triggers it at an early stage. Common causes in this context are

• Injuries such as meniscus tears, cruciate ligament tears or bone fractures in the knee area
• Misalignment of the legs (e.g. bow legs or knock-knees), which put uneven strain on the cartilage
• Chronic overloading due to heavy physical work or intensive sport
• Inflammatory joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis
• Metabolic disorders such as gout or diabetes mellitus
• Previous operations on the knee joint

How is knee osteoarthritis diagnosed?

The diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the knee is based on several steps and aims to determine the exact cause of the symptoms and the extent of the cartilage wear. A structured procedure helps to rule out other possible diseases and initiate the appropriate treatment.

Medical history

The first step is to ask you specific questions:

• The type, duration and intensity of your pain
• Accompanying complaints such as swelling or stiffness
• Everyday restrictions and previous treatments
• Risk factors such as injuries, misalignments or family history

Physical examination

We will now examine your knee for swelling, misalignment, restricted movement and tenderness. The gait pattern, leg axis and stability of the joint also provide us with important information.

Imaging procedures

The following methods are used to confirm the diagnosis:

• X-ray
  This is the most important imaging procedure for assessing the joint space, bony changes, malpositions or joint deformities.
• Ultrasound
  Ultrasound is helpful for visualizing joint effusions, bursitis or soft tissue changes.
• MRI
  Magnetic resonance imaging is used to assess the condition of the cartilage, menisci, ligaments and soft tissues more precisely – especially in the early stages of osteoarthritis or if symptoms are unclear.
• Laboratory tests (if required)
  If an inflammatory process is suspected – e.g. as part of a rheumatic disease – blood tests can be useful. They help to rule out other causes such as gout or bacterial inflammation.

The combination of medical history, clinical examination and diagnostic imaging enables us to make a reliable assessment of how advanced the osteoarthritis of the knee is – and which treatment options are available.

Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee in Frankfurt

The treatment of knee joint wear and tear in our private practice for orthopaedics and traumatology in Frankfurt aims to relieve pain, improve your joint function and slow down the progression of the disease.

Depending on the severity and individual factors, various treatment approaches can be considered:

Conservative treatment methods

In the early stages of gonarthrosis, the focus is on non-surgical measures:

• Physiotherapy
  Targeted exercises strengthen the surrounding muscles, improve mobility and stabilize the knee joint.
• Weight reduction
  Being overweight puts additional strain on the knee joints. Losing weight can reduce the pressure on the joint and alleviate symptoms.
• Drug therapy
  Painkillers and anti-inflammatory medication can reduce symptoms.
• Orthopaedic aids
  Insoles or supports support the joint and can correct misalignments.
• Sport and MTT
  Joint-friendly sports such as cycling, swimming or Nordic walking can strengthen the muscles around the knee, which can improve joint stability and relieve pain. At the same time, exercise promotes cartilage nutrition, which can counteract the progression of osteoarthritis. Medical training therapy (MTT) also enables structured muscle development – under professional guidance – and helps to avoid incorrect strain. Properly dosed, regular exercise can have a significant positive effect on the course of the disease.

Surgical treatment methods

If conservative measures are no longer sufficient, surgical procedures can be considered:

• Arthroscopy
  This minimally invasive arthroscopy enables the removal of cartilage abrasion or meniscus damage.
• Repositioning osteotomy
  This involves the surgical correction of misalignments in order to redistribute the load in the joint.
• Knee endoprosthesis
  The implantation of an artificial knee joint is often recommended in cases of advanced knee osteoarthritis.

Special therapies offered at Dr. Tabrizi’s practice in Frankfurt

In our private practice for orthopaedics and traumatology in Frankfurt, we offer not only classic treatment methods but also advanced innovative therapies that can be optimally combined with general treatment:

• Peri- and intra-articular infiltrations
  The injection of anti-inflammatory substances directly into the affected joint or surrounding tissue helps to reduce pain and inhibit inflammation.
• Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy
  In autologous blood treatment, we inject growth factor-rich plasma into your joint to promote healing processes and slow down cartilage degradation. You can find more information about this treatment option here: PRP therapy for osteoarthritis: How does the procedure work??
• Kinesio taping
  Elastic tapes support joint function and pain relief.
• Acupuncture
  We insert special needles at specific points to reduce pain and promote self-healing.

Osteoarthritis therapy in Frankfurt: help with osteoarthritis of the knee

Osteoarthritis of the knee is one of the most common causes of knee pain in adults and can significantly impair quality of life. This makes early and targeted treatment that not only alleviates the symptoms but also slows down the progression of joint wear all the more important.

At our private orthopaedic practice in Frankfurt, you will receive comprehensive care – from in-depth diagnostics to individual treatment planning. With modern, gentle procedures such as PRP therapy, special injections and other supportive measures, we offer you numerous options to reduce pain in the long term and promote mobility.

If you suffer from knee osteoarthritis, we are a competent point of contact for customized treatment based on the latest medical findings. Simply contact us to arrange an appointment!

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